| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Natural language procedures ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Natural language procedures
Natural language training is a set of procedures used by behavior analysts. These procedures are used to mirror the natural areas of language use for children.〔Hart, B. & Risely, T.R. (1980). "''In vivo'' language intervention: Unanticipated general effects." ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 13, 407–432.〕 Behavior analysts language training procedures run along a continuum from highly restrictive such as discrete trial training to very nonrestrictive conversationally-based strategies. Natural language falls in the middle of these procedures.〔Peterson, P. (2004): "Naturalistic Language Teaching Procedures for Children at Risk for Language Delays." ''The Behavior Analyst Today'', 5 (4), 404–420 (BAO ).〕
==History==
Natural language training, sometimes referred to as milieu (person's social environment.) language training〔Hart, B. & Warren, S. (1978). A milieu approach to teaching language. In R. Schiefelbusch, (Ed.), ''Language Intervention Strategies''. Baltimore University Park Press.〕 emerged from generalization research by Donald Baer.〔Warren, S.F., Baxter, D.K., Anderson, S.R., Marshall, A.M., & Baer, D.M. (1981). Thse procedures use free operant principles as opposed to discrete trials. Generalization and maintenance of question-asking by severely retarded individuals. ''Journal of the Association for the Severely Handicapped'', 6, 15–22.〕〔Osnes, P. & Lieblein. (2003) "An Explicit Technology of Generalization." ''The Behavior Analyst Today'', 3 (4), 364–377 (BAO )〕 The focus on these procedures was to use concepts closer to the natural environment to reduce prompt dependency and promote generalization.〔 The initial procedure was the incidental teaching procedure.〔Hart, B. & Risely, T.R. (1975) "Incidental teaching of language in preschool." ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 8, 411–420.〕
The natural language training approach is often contrasted with discrete trial approaches.〔Kates-McElrath, K. & Axelrod, S. (2006). "Behavioral Intervention for Autism: A Distinction Between Two Behavior Analytic Approaches." ''The Behavior Analyst Today'', 7 (2), Page 242–254. (BAO )〕 In discrete trial program there is a clear trial window and only the first response is scored. If incorrect no reward is delivered and the trainer moves to the next trial. In the milieu language training program (natural language program), the trainer uses a least-to-most response strategy and waits for the correct response to be produced. Research exists showing that over 90% of the studies report good generalization for natural language training procedures.〔Peterson, P. (2009). "Promoting Generalization and Maintenance of Skills Learned via Natural Language Teaching." ''J-SPL-ABA'', 4, 90–131. (BAO )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Natural language procedures」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|